{"organism":"Page","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","children":[{"organism":"Metadata","model":{"title":"Carbon Credits Glossary: Key terms in Carbon Markets explained","text":"Explore Shell’s carbon markets glossary for clear definitions of carbon credits, offsets, Article 6, project types, compliance markets and quality standards.","links":[{"name":"Carbon Credits Glossary: Key terms in Carbon Markets explained","value":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary.html"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/_jcr_content/root/metadata.shellimg.png/1784626228784/carbon-credits-glossary-header.png","alt":"Aerial view of a winding two-lane road cutting through dense green forest, bordered by mature conifers and areas of younger growth.","width":3840,"height":2166},"tags":[{"name":"Carbon markets","value":"line-of-business:b2b/energy-transition/carbon-markets"}]},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/metadata"},{"organism":"ContentOwner","model":{},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/contentowner"},{"organism":"Container.Header","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","ref":"https://www.shell.com/_jcr_content/root/header/inherited.model.json","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/header/inherited","model":{}},{"organism":"Breadcrumb","model":{"links":[{"name":"Home","value":"https://www.shell.com/"},{"name":"Shell Energy","value":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy.html"},{"name":"Sustainable Solutions for Lowering Your Carbon Footprint | Shell Global","value":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions.html"},{"name":"Environmental Products","value":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products.html"},{"name":"Carbon Credits Glossary: Key terms in Carbon Markets explained","value":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary.html"}]},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/header/breadcrumb"}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/header","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Main","children":[{"organism":"Container.Section","children":[{"organism":"PageHeaderBanner","color":"semitransparent","model":{"title":"Carbon Credits Glossary: Key terms in Carbon Markets explained","text":"\u003Cp\u003EFrom nature-based solutions to additionality, bring clarity to your climate conversations with jargon-busting definitions for the most used environmental phrases.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n","image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/_jcr_content/root/main/section/page_header.shellimg.png/1784626306641/carbon-credits-glossary-header.png","alt":"Aerial view of a winding two-lane road cutting through dense green forest, bordered by mature conifers and areas of younger growth.","width":3831,"height":1677}},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/page_header"},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003EA key issue for many stakeholders navigating carbon markets is the proliferation of jargon, buzzwords and acronyms, creating barriers to effective participation and decision-making. This glossary is designed to make those terms easier to understand, with clear definitions to help you navigate the topic with greater confidence.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Tabs","children":[{"organism":"Container","children":[{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003ECore concepts that explain how carbon markets work.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item","model":{"title":"Avoid – Reduce – Compensate / mitigation hierarchy","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe mitigation hierarchy is a framework for prioritising climate action. It encourages organisations to avoid emissions where possible, reduce emissions that cannot be avoided, and only then compensate for residual emissions using credible mitigation measures.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAvoid\u003C/b\u003E: Stop emissions from happening in the first place, for example by changing a process or choosing a lower-carbon option.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReduce\u003C/b\u003E: Cut emissions from activities that still need to happen, such as through efficiency improvements, operational changes or cleaner technologies.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECompensate\u003C/b\u003E: Address residual emissions by supporting verified projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gases elsewhere.\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003C/ul\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Cap-and-trade","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECap-and-trade is a form of emissions trading that limits the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions allowed within a system. It works through two linked elements:\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003EA cap that sets the total emissions limit\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003ETradeable allowances that participants can buy, sell or keep for later use\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003C/ul\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIf an organisation emits less than its limit, it may be able to keep or sell its spare allowances. If it emits more, it must buy additional allowances. This creates flexibility for participants while keeping total emissions within the overall cap.\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_1993713048","model":{"title":"Carbon credits","text":"\u003Cp\u003EA carbon credit is a tradable unit that represents one metric tonne of greenhouse gas emissions reduced, avoided or removed, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003Ee). Credits are issued only after the claimed impact has been measured and verified under an approved methodology. Each credit is typically assigned a unique serial number and recorded in a registry, helping to track ownership and use over time.\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_569291110","model":{"title":"Carbon markets","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECarbon markets are systems that allow governments and non-state actors to trade carbon credits and other greenhouse gas emission instruments. Their purpose is to support climate action by creating a mechanism to price emissions and channel finance towards emissions reductions.\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_1016983758","model":{"title":"Carbon offsets","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECarbon offsets are a broad term often used to describe the use of carbon credits or other mitigation instruments to compensate for greenhouse gas emissions. In practice, a carbon credit is the tradable unit itself, while offsetting is the act of using that unit to counterbalance emissions. The term is often used interchangeably with carbon compensation, although definitions can vary by context.\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_166387070","model":{"title":"Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECORSIA is a global market-based mechanism developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization to address emissions from international aviation. It complements other emission-reduction strategies by enabling organisations to offset unavoidable emissions through the purchase of carbon credits and the use of CORSIA-eligible sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs).\u003Csup\u003E6\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information about Shell’s CORSIA offerings, visit: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com/business-customers/aviation/decarbonising-aviation-what-corsia-means-for-airlines.html\"\u003EInsights to CORSIA: Market trends and strategies for airlines | Shell Global\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_845761295","model":{"title":"Carbon pricing","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECarbon pricing puts a financial cost on greenhouse gas emissions, often by assigning a price to CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E. The aim is to encourage lower-carbon choices by making emissions more visible in economic decision-making. Different types of carbon pricing include carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) such as cap-and-trade.\u003Csup\u003E7\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_472620572","model":{"title":"Carbon tax","text":"\u003Cp\u003EA carbon tax is a government levy on greenhouse gas emissions, usually linked to the carbon content of fossil fuels. It is designed to discourage high-emission activity by increasing its cost.\u003Csup\u003E8\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_1680016164","model":{"title":"Compliance markets","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECompliance markets are regulated carbon trading systems in which organisations must meet emissions limits set by law or regulation. Participants typically buy, sell or surrender allowances, and in some systems may also be able to use eligible credits, to comply with legal obligations. Unlike voluntary carbon markets, participation is driven by regulation rather than a self-directed climate claim or target.\u003Csup\u003E9\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_1546226952","model":{"title":"Credit retirement","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECredit retirement is the permanent removal of a carbon credit from circulation so it cannot be traded or used again. Retirement is what allows the underlying emissions reduction or removal to be claimed without double counting.\u003Csup\u003E10\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_1182529093","model":{"title":"Credit vintage","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECredit vintage is the year in which the emissions reduction or removal linked to a carbon credit took place. It can help indicate when the underlying activity happened and, in some cases, the standards that applied at the time.\u003Csup\u003E11\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_397693921","model":{"title":"EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe EU ETS is the European Union’s emissions trading system and one of the best-known examples of cap-and-trade. Launched in 2005, it was the world’s first major carbon market and is designed to help reduce emissions across the EU.\u003Csup\u003E12\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list/list_item_copy_2107401732","model":{"title":"Voluntary carbon markets","text":"\u003Cp\u003EVoluntary carbon markets allow companies, cities and other non-state actors to buy carbon credits without being legally required to do so. They sit outside mandatory compliance systems and are typically used to compensate for residual emissions or support broader climate goals. Unlike compliance markets, participation is driven by voluntary commitments, internal targets or claims rather than regulation.\u003Csup\u003E13\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab/list","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab","model":{"title":"Carbon market basics"}},{"organism":"Container","children":[{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003ECommon project categories and pathways used to avoid, reduce or remove emissions.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item","model":{"title":"Avoidance projects","text":"\u003Cp\u003EAvoidance projects are climate projects that generate carbon credits by preventing greenhouse gas emissions that would otherwise have occurred under a baseline or business-as-usual scenario. In carbon markets, this can include activities such as preventing deforestation or avoiding methane emissions, provided the avoided emissions are quantified against a credible baseline and verified under an approved methodology.\u003Csup\u003E14\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Emission reduction projects","text":"\u003Cp\u003EEmission reduction projects are climate projects that lower greenhouse gas emissions from existing activities or systems compared with what emissions would have been otherwise. Rather than removing carbon already in the atmosphere, they focus on cutting emissions at source, for example through energy efficiency, fuel switching, methane capture or process improvements.\u003Csup\u003E15\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy_1993713048","model":{"title":"Carbon dioxide removal (CDR)","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECarbon dioxide removal (CDR) refers to deliberate human activities that remove CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E from the atmosphere and store it durably in geological, land-based, ocean or product reservoirs. Unlike emission reduction projects, which cut emissions at source, CDR addresses CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E that is already in the air. It can include nature-based approaches such as afforestation and reforestation, as well as engineered approaches such as direct air capture with storage.\u003Csup\u003E16\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy_569291110","model":{"title":"Carbon capture and storage (CCS)","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECarbon capture and storage (CCS) is an engineered removal pathway used to capture CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E emissions from large industrial sources or power generation, transport the captured CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E, and store it underground so it does not enter the atmosphere.\u003Csup\u003E17\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information about Shell’s involvement in CCS, visit: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com/what-we-do/carbon-capture-and-storage.html\"\u003ECarbon capture and storage | Shell Global\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy_1016983758","model":{"title":"Direct air capture (DAC)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EDirect air capture (DAC) is an engineered pathway that removes CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E directly from ambient air for storage or use. It is one of the engineered approaches used in carbon dioxide removal. Unlike CCS, which usually captures CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E from a concentrated industrial or power source before release, DAC targets CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E that is already in the atmosphere.\u003Csup\u003E18\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information about Shell’s involvement in DAC, visit: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com/what-we-do/carbon-capture-and-storage/direct-air-capture-projects.html\"\u003EDirect Air Capture Projects | Shell Global\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy_166387070","model":{"title":"Nature-based solutions (NBS)","text":"\u003Cp\u003ENature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that protect, restore, manage or sustainably use ecosystems to address environmental and social challenges. In carbon markets, they can include both avoidance and carbon dioxide removal approaches, while also supporting biodiversity, water security and human well-being.\u003Csup\u003E19,20\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information about Shell’s involvement in Nature-based solutions, visit: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com/what-we-do/nature-based-solutions.html\"\u003ENature-based solutions | Shell Global\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy_845761295","model":{"title":"Afforestation and reforestation (A/R)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EAfforestation and reforestation are nature-based pathways that can help remove CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E from the atmosphere. The difference lies in whether trees are being restored to land that was previously forested or introduced to land that was not.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003EAfforestation is the creation of forests on land that has not recently been forested.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003EReforestation is the restoration of forests on land where trees were previously lost or removed.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003C/ul\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth can contribute to carbon storage and wider ecosystem restoration when designed and managed well.\u003Csup\u003E21\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy/list_item_copy_472620572","model":{"title":"REDD+","text":"\u003Cp\u003EREDD+ stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, plus the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. It is a nature-based pathway focused primarily on avoiding forest-related emissions and supporting forest protection and management, particularly in developing countries, through a UN-backed climate framework.\u003Csup\u003E22\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy/list_copy","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy","model":{"title":"Project categories and pathways"}},{"organism":"Container","children":[{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003EKey terms used to assess credit and project credibility.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item","model":{"title":"Additionality","text":"\u003Cp\u003EAdditionality means a project’s emissions reductions or removals would not have happened without the incentive created by carbon finance. It is a core test of whether a carbon credit represents a genuine extra climate benefit.\u003Csup\u003E23\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Baseline","text":"\u003Cp\u003EBaseline refers to the reference scenario against which a project’s emissions reductions or removals are measured. In carbon markets, it is used to estimate what would most likely have happened in the absence of the project, so that the project’s climate impact can be assessed by comparison.\u003Csup\u003E24\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy_1993713048","model":{"title":"Co-benefits","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECo-benefits are the additional positive outcomes of a climate action beyond its main emissions goal. These can include cleaner air, improved health, stronger biodiversity, job creation, or wider community benefits.\u003Csup\u003E25\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy_569291110","model":{"title":"Leakage","text":"\u003Cp\u003ELeakage is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions outside a project boundary that happens because of the project itself. For example, reducing emissions in one area may shift the same activity, and its associated emissions, somewhere else.\u003Csup\u003E26\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy_1016983758","model":{"title":"Methodology","text":"\u003Cp\u003EA methodology is the set of rules used to measure, monitor and verify the emissions reductions or removals from a climate project. It defines how credits are calculated and helps ensure the results are credible and consistent.\u003Csup\u003E27\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy_166387070","model":{"title":"Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EMonitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) refers to the processes used to measure a project’s greenhouse gas impact, report the results and verify them independently. In carbon markets, MRV helps ensure that claimed emissions reductions or removals are credible, transparent and supported by evidence before carbon credits are issued.\u003Csup\u003E28\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy_845761295","model":{"title":"Permanence","text":"\u003Cp\u003EPermanence refers to how long an emissions reduction or removal is expected to last. It matters because some climate benefits can be reversed over time, for example, if stored carbon is later released by fire, land-use change or other events.\u003Csup\u003E29\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy/list_item_copy_472620572","model":{"title":"Safeguards","text":"\u003Cp\u003ESafeguards are measures designed to help ensure carbon projects do not harm local communities, ecosystems or biodiversity. They are used to support responsible project design, implementation and oversight.\u003Csup\u003E30\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241/list_copy","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_866322241","model":{"title":"Quality and integrity in carbon markets"}},{"organism":"Container","children":[{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003EMain policy frameworks shaping international carbon market cooperation.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/list_copy/list_item","model":{"title":"Article 6 of the Paris Agreement","text":"\u003Cp\u003EArticle 6 of the Paris Agreement sets out how countries can cooperate voluntarily to help meet their climate goals. It creates a framework for international carbon market mechanisms and other forms of cooperation intended to support higher ambition, sustainable development and environmental integrity. Important elements of Article 6 include Article 6.2 and Article 6.4.\u003Csup\u003E31\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/list_copy/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Article 6.2","text":"\u003Cp\u003EArticle 6.2 covers cooperative approaches between countries, including the transfer of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs). It gives countries flexibility to work together under agreed accounting and reporting rules, including rules intended to avoid double counting. Unlike Article 6.4, it does not establish a single UN crediting mechanism; instead, it provides the framework for bilateral or plurilateral cooperation between participating countries.\u003Csup\u003E32\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/list_copy/list_item_copy_1993713048","model":{"title":"Article 6.4","text":"\u003Cp\u003EArticle 6.4 establishes a UN-supervised mechanism for generating and trading emissions reductions between countries. Its purpose is to support greenhouse gas mitigation while promoting sustainable development and contributing to an overall reduction in global emissions. Unlike Article 6.2, which provides accounting rules for country-to-country cooperation, Article 6.4 creates a centralised crediting mechanism under UN oversight.\u003Csup\u003E33\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/list_copy/list_item_copy_569291110","model":{"title":"Corresponding adjustments (CA)","text":"\u003Cp\u003ECorresponding adjustments are accounting changes made when an ITMO is transferred, so the same mitigation outcome is not counted twice. In practice, the transferring country adjusts its emissions balance to reflect that the outcome has been used elsewhere.\u003Csup\u003E34\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/list_copy/list_item_copy_1016983758","model":{"title":"Internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EInternationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) are transferable emissions outcomes used under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. They allow participating countries to exchange mitigation outcomes under agreed rules as part of international cooperation on climate targets.\u003Csup\u003E35\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669/list_copy","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669","model":{"title":"International frameworks and policy"}},{"organism":"Container","children":[{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003EKey organisations and standards shaping carbon market practice.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item","model":{"title":"Core Carbon Principles (CCP)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) are a framework developed by the ICVCM to define high-integrity voluntary carbon credits. They cover three broad areas: governance, emissions impact, and sustainable development and safeguards.\u003Csup\u003E36\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Gold Standard","text":"\u003Cp\u003EGold Standard is a non-profit organisation and standard that supports climate and sustainable development projects. It provides methods and a registry to help projects measure, certify and communicate their impact.\u003Csup\u003E37\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item_copy_1993713048","model":{"title":"Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) is an independent governance body that sets a quality benchmark for voluntary carbon credits. It assesses whether programmes and methodologies meet its integrity standards.\u003Csup\u003E38\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item_copy_569291110","model":{"title":"International Emissions Trading Association (IETA)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) is a global non-profit organisation that promotes market-based approaches to climate action. It works with businesses and policymakers on emissions trading, carbon markets and net-zero transition issues.\u003Csup\u003E39\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item_copy_1016983758","model":{"title":"Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) is a corporate climate action organisation that helps companies and financial institutions set emissions targets aligned with climate science. It provides standards, tools and validation for science-based and net-zero target setting.\u003Csup\u003E40\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item_copy_166387070","model":{"title":"Verra","text":"\u003Cp\u003EVerra is a non-profit organisation that operates standards and programmes for climate action, including the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS). It certifies projects and maintains systems for issuing and tracking credits linked to emissions reductions and removals.\u003Csup\u003E41\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy/list_item_copy_845761295","model":{"title":"Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI)","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI) is a global non-profit organisation focused on improving trust in voluntary carbon markets. It provides guidance on credible use of carbon credits and how organisations can communicate related claims responsibly.\u003Csup\u003E42\u003C/sup\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c/list_copy","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs/tab_copy_406638669_c","model":{"title":"Standards and organisations"}}],"model":{"links":[{"name":"Carbon market basics"},{"name":"Project categories and pathways"},{"name":"Quality and integrity in carbon markets"},{"name":"International frameworks and policy"},{"name":"Standards and organisations"}]},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/tabs"},{"organism":"PromoBanner","color":"semitransparent","model":{"title":"Insights into voluntary carbon market trends","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe voluntary carbon market (VCM) is becoming a useful tool for helping companies work towards their net-zero goals. This research whitepaper explores what drives demand, how businesses choose and procure carbon credits, and why credibility and impact are critical to building effective carbon credit strategies.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n","links":[{"name":"Click to download the whitepaper","value":"https://www.lowcarbonsolutions.shell.com/navigating-the-voluntary-carbon-market-vcm"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/_jcr_content/root/main/section/promo.shellimg.png/1784626703348/carbon-credits-glossary-promo-dense-trees.png","alt":"Upward view of tall rainforest trees beneath a dense green canopy and blue sky.","width":3831,"height":1677}},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/promo"},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/text_1552099986","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003ECarbon markets involve a wide range of concepts, standards and policy mechanisms, and the same terms are often used differently across contexts. A clear understanding of the basics can help organisations evaluate the use of carbon credits more confidently.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"PromoFull","color":"brand1-subtle","model":{"title":"Ready to include carbon credits into your decarbonisation strategy?","text":"\u003Cp\u003EGet in touch with our experts to find out how Shell can help you purchase high-quality, credible carbon credits from projects that make a difference.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n","links":[{"name":"Contact our team","value":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/contact-us.html"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/_jcr_content/root/main/section/promo_1122200241.shellimg.png/1784626818663/carbon-credits-glossary-promo-group-of-people.png","alt":"Business colleagues discussing a project around a laptop during an office meeting.","width":3840,"height":2160}},"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/promo_1122200241"},{"organism":"Container.FAQ","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem.FAQ","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/faq/faq_item","model":{"title":"Disclaimers","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Csup\u003E*\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003ECarbon credits are not a substitute for switching to low-emission energy solutions or reducing the use of fossil fuels. Shell encourages their customers to focus first on emissions that can be avoided or reduced and only then compensate for the remaining emissions through the purchase and retirement of voluntary carbon credits.\u003C/sub\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ieta.org/mitigation-hierarchy-101\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EIETA 101 Mitigation Hierarchy\u003C/a\u003E, IETA, September 2023\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/policy/cap-and-trade-programme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECap and Trade Programme\u003C/a\u003E, UNFCCC, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://icvcm.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CCP-Section-5-V2-FINAL-6Feb24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECore Carbon Principles Section 5 Version 2 (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E, ICVCM, 6 February 2024\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/topics/climate-action/climate-finance/carbon-markets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECarbon Markets\u003C/a\u003E, United Nations Environment Programme, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/climate-action/united-nations-carbon-offset-platform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EUnited Nations Carbon Offset Platform\u003C/a\u003E, UNFCCC, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E6\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECarbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation\u003C/a\u003E, International Civil Aviation Organization, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E7\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099051826185087983\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EWhat is Carbon Pricing?\u003C/a\u003E, World Bank, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E8\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099051826185087983\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EWhat is Carbon Pricing?\u003C/a\u003E, World Bank, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E9\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/topics/climate-action/climate-finance/carbon-markets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECarbon Markets, United Nations Environment Programme\u003C/a\u003E, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E10\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.carbonknowledgehub.com/factsheets/offset-lifecycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EOffset Lifecycle\u003C/a\u003E, Carbon Knowledge Hub, 2024\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E11\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://carbongrowth.com/carbon-credit-quality-does-vintage-matter/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECarbon Credit Quality: Does Vintage Matter?\u003C/a\u003E, Carbon Growth Partners, 2024\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E12\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets/what-eu-ets_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EWhat is the EU ETS?\u003C/a\u003E, European Commission, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E13\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/topics/climate-action/climate-finance/carbon-markets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECarbon Markets\u003C/a\u003E, United Nations Environment Programme, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E14\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EProject Protocol (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E, GHG Protocol, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E15\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EProject Protocol, (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E GHG Protocol, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E16\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EAR6 WGIII Factsheet: Carbon Dioxide Removal (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E17\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ECarbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage\u003C/a\u003E, International Energy Agency, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E18\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/direct-air-capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EDirect Air Capture\u003C/a\u003E, International Energy Agency, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E19\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://iucn.org/our-work/nature-based-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ENature Based Solutions\u003C/a\u003E, International Union for Conservation of Nature, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E20\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.naturebasedsolutionsinitiative.org/news/united-nations-environment-assembly-nature-based-solutions-definition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EUnited Nations Environment Assembly Agrees on Nature Based Solutions Definition\u003C/a\u003E, Nature Based Solutions Initiative, 2022\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E21\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf_files/Chp4/Chp4_25_to_4210.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EGood Practice Guidance for Land Use (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E, Land Use Change and Forestry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E22\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/redd/what-is-redd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EWhat is REDD+?\u003C/a\u003E, UNFCCC, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E23\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://icvcm.org/core-carbon-principles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EThe Core Carbon Principles\u003C/a\u003E, ICVCM, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E24\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://ghginstitute.org/2022/03/14/what-is-a-baseline/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EWhat is a Baseline?\u003C/a\u003E, Greenhouse Gas Management Institute, 2022\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E25\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/IPCC_co-benefits_assessments.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EThe Assessment of Co Benefits in IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report, (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2025\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E26\u003C/sup\u003E \u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.un-redd.org/glossary/leakage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ELeakage, United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation\u003C/a\u003E, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E27\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/documentation/2303/230426_BLS23047_CDM_booklet_v04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EClean Development Mechanism Methodology Booklet (PDF) (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E, UNFCCC, 2022\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E28\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/07/27/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-measurement-reporting-and-verification-mrv-of-carbon-credits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EClimate Explainer: MRV\u003C/a\u003E, World Bank Group, 2022\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E29\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EClimate Change and Land\u003C/a\u003E, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E30\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://calyxglobal.com/research-hub/research/what-are-safeguards-and-why-they-matter-for-your-carbon-credits/#:~:text=Environmental%20and%20social%20safeguards,%20sometimes%20called%20ESS,%20are,people%20and%20areas%20impacted%20by%20a%20carbon%20project.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EWhat Are Safeguards and Why They Matter for Your Carbon Credits\u003C/a\u003E, Calyx Global, 2023\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E31\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/article6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EArticle 6 of the Paris 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\u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E35\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003EUnlocking Climate Ambition: \u003Ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/unlocking-climate-ambition-the-significance-of-article-6-at-cop28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EThe Significance of Article 6 at COP28, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\u003C/a\u003E, 2023\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E36\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://icvcm.org/core-carbon-principles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EThe Core Carbon Principles\u003C/a\u003E, ICVCM, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E37\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.goldstandard.org/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EWho We Are and What Drives Us\u003C/a\u003E, Gold Standard, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E38\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://icvcm.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ELeading the Way to a High Integrity Voluntary Carbon Market\u003C/a\u003E, ICVCM, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E39\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.ieta.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EHomepage\u003C/a\u003E, IETA, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E40\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://sciencebasedtargets.org/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EAbout Us,\u003C/a\u003EScience Based Targets Initiative, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E41\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://verra.org/programs/verified-carbon-standard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EVerified Carbon Standard\u003C/a\u003E, Verra, N.D.\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003C/sub\u003E\u003Csup\u003E42\u003C/sup\u003E\u003Csub\u003EVCMI Claims Code of Practice, \u003Ca href=\"https://vcmintegrity.org/vcmi-claims-code-of-practice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003EVoluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative\u003C/a\u003E, 28 November, year not specified\u003C/sub\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}}],"colstart":3,"colspan":8,"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section/faq","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/corporate/global/en_gb/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/jcr_content/root/main/section","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Section","color":"brand1-subtle","children":[{"organism":"PromoCard","color":"brand1","model":{"title":"Shell Low Carbon Solutions","text":"\u003Cp\u003EShell created Low Carbon Solutions to help forward-thinking leaders solve these challenges and deliver more value with less emissions.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","links":[{"value":"https://www.shell.com/business-customers/shell-low-carbon-solutions.html"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com/shellenergy/othersolutions/environmental-products/carbon-credits-glossary/_jcr_content/root/main/section_1710978650_c/promo_copy.shellimg.png/1758026709811/plane.png","alt":"A large cargo port at sunset with stacked shipping containers, yellow cranes loading a cargo ship, and a commercial airplane flying overhead. 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